A couple of Hegelian maxims point which project, particularly, determinate negation and conceptual self-reflection

Their extremely comprehensive declaration takes place in Negative Dialectics, that is discussed later

Properly, during the creating a beneficial “dialectic regarding enlightenment” the brand new people additionally endeavor to carry out a good dialectical enlightenment of enlightenment not as opposed to Hegel’s Phenomenology regarding Spirit. “Determinate negation” (bestimmte Negation) shows that immanent issue ‘s the means to fix wrest knowledge regarding ideology. An effective dialectical enlightenment away from enlightenment “discloses per visualize because software. They will teach us to discover out-of [brand new image’s] features the brand new admission regarding falseness and this cancels their power and you can hand they over to realities” (De- 18). Past and using eg determinate negation, https://datingranking.net/it/oltre-50-incontri/ a good dialectical enlightenment from enlightenment in addition to remembers the foundation and you can objective out of imagine in itself. Such recall is the functions of the design because the thinking-meditation from thought (der Begriff als Selbstbesinnung de l’ensemble des Denkens, De 32). Conceptual self-reflection shows that think comes from the corporeal need and you can wants that get destroyed when thought becomes a mere software off peoples thinking-preservation. it demonstrates the purpose of thought isn’t to continue the fresh blind domination out of nature and you will individuals however, to indicate to your reconciliation. Adorno works out the details of this conception within his subsequent lectures for the Kant (KC), ethics (PMP), and metaphysics (MCP) and also in their guides on Husserl (AE), Hegel (H), and you will Heidegger (JA).

3. Critical Personal Theory

Dialectic away from Enlightenment presupposes a life threatening social principle in debt to help you Karl Marx. Adorno checks out Marx once the a Hegelian materialist whoever criticism from capitalism unavoidably boasts a complaints of your own ideologies you to definitely capitalism sustains and you will means. One of those is really what Marx named “this new fetishism from commodities.” Marx lined up his complaints out of product fetishism against bourgeois societal experts just who merely define this new capitalist savings however,, in so doing, on top of that misdescribe they and you will suggest a bogus public eyes. Considering Marx, bourgeois economists always disregard the exploitation built-in to help you capitalist creation. It don’t remember that capitalist production, for everybody its epidermis “freedom” and you may “fairness,” must extract excess worthy of about labor of one’s working class. Such average producers and you will users significantly less than capitalist requirements, bourgeois economists clean out the fresh new item given that good fetish. It treat it because if it were a simple target, which have a lifetime of its own, you to directly relates to other products, for the liberty throughout the individual relationships that actually suffer all of the commodities. Marx, by comparison, contends you to whatever renders an item a commodity dates back so you can human requires, wishes, and you may means. This new commodity don’t have “use well worth” if it didn’t satisfy individual wishes. It might not have “exchange well worth” in the event that not one person desired to replace it to have something else entirely. As well as change worth could not be calculated in the event your item failed to share with other merchandise a “value” created by the latest expenses of person labor power and counted because of the the typical work date socially wanted to generate commodities of various sort.

Adorno’s personal principle tries to make Marx’s central knowledge applicable in order to “later capitalism.” Regardless if from inside the contract which have Marx’s data of product, Adorno believes his feedback regarding product fetishism cannot go much enough. Significant changes enjoys took place the dwelling out of capitalism since the Marx’s big date. This involves posts to your loads of information: the newest dialectic ranging from pushes of production and you may relationships away from manufacturing; the connection anywhere between state and savings; the fresh new sociology out-of categories and group awareness; the type and reason for ideology; additionally the part out of pro countries, such as for example progressive art and you may public principle, inside the criticizing capitalism and you can demanding the newest transformation from neighborhood given that an entire.

The primary clues to those posts are from a theory out-of reification suggested by the Hungarian socialist Georg Lukacs throughout the 1920s and you will out of interdisciplinary methods and you will discussions used by members of the newest Institute off Public Research on the 1930s and you may 1940s. Strengthening for the Maximum Weber’s theory from rationalization, Lukacs argues the capitalist discount has stopped being you to definitely business out-of people next to others. Alternatively, item change is probably the central throwing concept for all sectors regarding people. This enables product fetishism so you’re able to permeate all of the personal establishments (age.g., laws, management, journalism) plus every educational professions, and additionally thinking. “Reification” identifies “the new structural process wherein the latest product means permeates lifestyle into the capitalist area.” Lukacs was specifically concerned with just how reification helps make people “look like simple some thing obeying the brand new inexorable legislation of your own opportunities” (Zuidervaart 1991, 76).